Ondrej Bašták-Ďurán
BASHTO SPORTS
Pionierov 607
049 22 Gemerská Poloma
SLOVAK REPUBLIC

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Short boccia rules

1. The basic principle of boccia is to throw the balls as close as possible to the target.

   

2. Players can play boccia against each other:
   
   • Individually (one against one, each player has 6 balls)
   • In pairs (two against two, each player has 3 balls)
   • In teams (three against three, each player has 2 balls)
     
     
3. Boccia balls are made of leather and filled with granules. The set of boccia balls contains of 13 balls: 6 red, 6 blue, one white, target ball (Jack). The balls have the following parameters:
   • The circumference of the ball: 270 ± 8 mm
   • Weight of the ball: 275 ± 12 g
     
     
4. Boccia is played on a smooth and flat surface, mostly in interiors. Playing on a 6 × 12.5m sized court (see layout). The court consists of the following parts:
   
   • Boxes: there are players in the game
   • Playing area: the court minus the throwing boxes, players are throwing their balls here; the playing area is still divided into:
     • Space before the V-line: the jack must not be dropped at the beginning of the game to this area, it must cross completely the Vee across the court to be in play
     • Space behind the V-line
     • The center of the playing field is marked with a cross
       
       
5. The player should remain within the 1 × 2.5m box during the game and may not cross the line during the throw. In case of individuals playing, they occupy the middle boxes 3, 4, where the player with red balls is always on the left. When pairs are played, players occupy boxes from 2 to 5 and the colors alternate starting with red in the 2nd box (red 2, blue 3, red 4, blue 5). Similarly, the teams are occupied by all 6 boxes and the players occupy them alternately starting with the player with red balls in the 1st box.
   
   
6. Players are sitting during the throw-in - either on a wheelchair or on a chair. Players may also stand, that case all the players should stand though.

   

7. The game consists of 4 ends, 6 ends for teams. During each end, players must throw all their balls out. The scores are determined by the rule that all the balls that are closer to the jack ball than the opponent's the nearest ball are counted in the score. Points for scoring bets are added for all 4 shifts.
   
   
8. In the case of the same distance of the balls from the Jack, both balls are counted in the score.
   
   
9. In case of same score at the end of the match, an extra end is played: Tie-break. The end begins by placing the jack on the cross. Toss the coin decides which player starts the end. Whoever winning the tie-break wins the whole match with the tie-break balls not counting to the final score. If the match ended 4:4 and tie-break would win blue, the final is 4:4 with a blue win. If the tie-break ends up with equal points, it is repeated until one player wins.
   
   
10. The end starts with throwing a Jack into the playing area. Jack must stay behind the V-line, otherwise it gets removed and the opponent next to the left starts playing the end. Jack gets shifted from player to player until its thrown into the playing area behind the V-line.
    
    In the game of individuals, the players in each substitution change each other. For couples and teams, the Jack moves from left to right to each player throwing the Jack one time.
    
    
11. If Jack gets out of playing area during the game, it is placed on the cross and the game continues according to the rules.
    
    
12. The first, contact ball is thrown by the same player who has thrown the Jack. They try to throw as close as possible to the white ball. If the ball is valid - the ball remained in the playing field and the player did not have a foot fault during the throw - the opponent follows. He tries to get his ball closer to Jack than his opponent. Players alternate the throws according the rule - there is always one that is further away from the white ball.
    
    
13. The ball is valid if thrown in has remained in the playing area and even during the rolling does not exceed the outline.
    
    
14. Players have a time limit for launching all their balls. The time of the game gets measured - for each throw, it is the time from the referee’s call to the player to throw until the ball stops worthy on the court. For different categories of players, the time limit for the game varies, ranging from 4 to 8 minutes.
    
    
15. In event of a violation of the rules, the referee gives the player a penalty: a warning (for example, non-sporting behavior), exclusion (for example leaving the court during a game), removal of a worthy ball (for example throwing the ball out of order), 2 penalty balls (crossing the box line by the wheelchair during the throw-out) ...

Boccia rules by BISFed

First of all, boccia players need a boccia balls to play. The boccia set consists of 6 red, 6 blue and 1 white ball. The best way to store boccia balls is in special cases, which’s inlay is cut out for each ball in the shape of a ball segment. Thus, the balls retain their round shape. Other equipment for players to use are boccia holders that are attached to their wheelchair, placed on the knees or on the ground.

There are also needs for the referees required for the game: a measuring calliper and a referee paddle, boccia tapes for surrounding the playing field, a scoreboard and others.

BC3 category players need also a boccia ramp for the game - an assistive tool, which allows to "launch" balls for players unable to throw ball using their own limb.

Categories of players in boccia

Classic boccia players are divided to 5 categories due to degree of their disability. Classification to each category according to the prescribed rules is done by a medical examiner. For all categories, the rule is, that the player must have all the four limbs affected. However, briefly the categories can be described as follows:

Category BC1: Players with cerebral palsy having an advanced severe disability able to throw the ball not using assistive devices. The game is assisted by an assistant handling the ball, adjusting the wheelchair and the player in the wheelchair.

Category BC2: Players with cerebral palsy with at lower level disability. They manage the game self-reliantly.

Category BC3: Players with different diagnoses including cerebral palsy with significantly limited function in their limbs and poor or no trunk control. They require a boccia ramp for the game, which is controlled by an assistant according to their instructions. The assistant must be turned back to the court during the game. The player must be the one lastly touching the ball.

Category BC4: Players with different diagnoses with impairments that have no cerebral origin.  Players manage the game self-reliantly.

Category BC5: Players who can not play in the BC2 and BC4 categories for stronger upper limbs.